Ultra Pure Water System
Ultrapure Water (UPW) is a critical component in the production of semiconductors, solar cells, and sterile pharmaceuticals, where maintaining consistent, ultra-high water quality is essential to ensure product integrity and manufacturing yields. UPW is produced by removing impurities from sources such as drinking water, river water, or process water to meet stringent industry standards. The semiconductor and microelectronics industries rely on UPW for precision cleaning and wafer processing. Here, the focus shifts to removing the smallest particles and ions, where even a single molecule of contamination can ruin nanoscale circuitry on silicon wafers, leading to costly defects in chips and electronic components.
Ultra Pure Water (UPW) is water that has been treated to remove:
- All ions (e.g., Na⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺)
- Organic compounds
- Bacteria and endotoxins
- Particulates and colloids
- Dissolved gases
It’s often called:
- High Purity Water
- Deionized Water (DI Water)
- Ultrapure Water
- Reagent Grade Water
Feed Water Source: Pre-Treated Water
Municipal Water (Potable Water) | Often used after preliminary treatment (e.g., chlorination removal, softening). |
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Treated Water | RO removes up to 95–99 percent of dissolved salts and organics. |
Deionized (DI) Water | Sometimes used as feed for polishing systems. |
Rainwater or Reclaimed Water | Less common but possible with proper pre-treatment. |
Process Flow
Ultra Pure Water: Common Uses in Semiconductor Industry
In semiconductor fabrication plants, UPW is used for:
